Bio 181, Fall 2004

Learning Objectives for Chapter 12, The Cell Cycle

Understand and be able to use the following terms:

cell division	cell cycle	genome	chromosome
somatic cells	gametes	chromatin	sister chromatid
centromere	mitosis	cytokinesis	meiosis
M phase	interphase	G1 phase	S phase
G2 phase	prophase	metaphase	anaphase
telophase	asters	kinetochore	metaphase plate
mitotic spindle	centrosome	cleavage	cleavage furrow
cell plate	binary fission	origin of replication	cell cycle control system
cyclin	Cdks (Cyclin-dependent protein kinases)	MPF (mitosis promoting factor)	growth factors
density dependent inhibition	anchorage dependence	transformation	tumor
benign tumor	malignant tumor	metastasis

1. Explain how cell division functions in reproduction, growth, and repair.

2. What is chromatin? When and why is DNA packaged into chromosomes. Describe the structure, packaging and composition of chromosomes.

3. What is the purpose of mitosis? Distinguish between mitosis and cytokinesis.

4. Distinguish between somatic cells and gametes and between mitosis and meiosis.

5. Be able to draw a diagram of the cell cycle, giving each phase, and describing the key events of each phase.

6. Distinguish between interphase and the mitotic phase. Which phases of the cell cycle constitute interphase?

7. Distinguish between the cell cycle and the stages of mitosis. What is the relationship between the two?

8. Be able to diagram the stages of mitosis, and state the key events that occur during each stage. Describe what happens to the chromosomes, spindle apparatus, and nuclear membrane, and be able to explain why these things happen. Draw or describe the spindle apparatus, including centrosomes, kinetochore microtubules, nonkinetochore microtubules, asters, and centrioles (in animal cells).

9. Describe the role of microtubules and kinetochores in mitosis. Explain the current models for poleward chromosomal movement and elongation of the cell's polar axis.

10. Recognize the stages of mitosis from diagrams and micrographs.

11. Describe how cytokinesis occurs in animal and in plant cells.

12. Describe the bacteria genome, and explain how it differs from a eukaryotic genome.

13. What is the purpose of a replication origin?

14. Describe how cell division occurs in prokaryotes.

15. Why must the process of cell division in eukaryotes be so much more complex than that in prokaryotes?

16. Describe the roles of checkpoints, cyclin, Cdk, and MPF in the cell cycle control system.

17. Describe the internal and external factors that influence the cell cycle control system.

18. Explain how the abnormal cell division of cancerous cells differs from normal cell division.