Bio
181, Fall 2005
Dr.
Lisa Werner
Learning
Objectives for Chapter 8, Energy
Understand and be able to use the following terms:
|
metabolism |
metabolic
pathwy |
anabolism |
catabolism |
|
thermodynamics |
energy |
kinetic
energy |
potential
energy |
|
kilocalorie |
joule |
chemical
energy |
∆G |
|
heat |
entropy |
free
energy |
enthalpy |
|
endergonic |
exergonic |
equilibrium
|
ATP |
|
ADP |
enzyme |
catalysis |
catalyst |
|
activation
energy |
substrate |
enzyme-substrate
complex |
inhibitor |
|
activator |
cofactor |
coenzyme |
allosteric
regulation |
|
feedback
inhibition |
multienzyme
complex |
|
|
1. Define
metabolism.
2. Give
a brief explanation of what a metabolic pathway is.
3. What
is energy? Distinguish between kinetic and potential energy, and give examples
of each. What are the units for energy?
4. Be
able to give the two laws of thermodynamics and explain how they relate to
energy in living organisms.
5. Define
Gibbs Free energy, and be able to explain what ∆G
= ∆ H – T∆ S means.
6. Explain
the relationship of free energy to stability, work capacity, and spontaneous
change
7. Distinguish
between endergonic and exergonic reactions.
Be able to discuss the role of free energy in determining whether a
reaction is endergonic or exergonic.
8. Describe
the relationship between equilibrium and metabolism, explaining why it is
important that a cell is an open system.
9. Describe
the structure of an ATP molecule and state where the energy is stored.
10. Explain
how ATP powers energy requiring reactions.
11. Describe
the properties of enzymes, and their role in metabolism.
12. Define
activation energy, and explain the role of activation energy and catalysts in
determining the rate of a reaction. Will
lowering the activation energy allow an endergonic reaction to proceed? Explain.
13. Explain
how enzymes work.
14. What
factors influence enzyme activity?
Explain how each influences activity.
What is a temperature or a pH optimum?
Distinguish between competitive and non-competitive inhibitors. What is an allosteric site? Give some examples of cofactors and
coenzymes.
15. Give
examples of how cellular structures can organize metabolic pathways.