Bio 181, Fall 2005

Dr. Lisa Werner

 

Learning Objectives for Chapter 7, Membranes

 

Understand and be able to use the following terms:

 

phospholipid

lipid bilayer

transmembrane protein

signal transduction

glycoprotein

glycolipid

integral protein

peripheral protein

freeze fracturing

transporters

enzymes

cell surface receptors

cell surface identity markers

cell adhesion proteins

cytoskeletal attachments

oligosaccharides

 

Fluid Mosaic Model

cytoplasmic face

extracellular face

selectively permeable

diffusion

ion channels

carriers

facilitated diffusion

saturation

osmosis

aquaporin

osmotic concentration

tonicity

hypertonic

hypotonic

isotonic

hydrostatic pressure

osmotic pressure

osmoregulation

extrusion

turgor

turgor pressure

endocytosis

phagocytosis

pinocytosis

receptor mediated endocytosis

exocytosis

active transport

sodium potassium pump

membrane potential

electrochemical gradient

coupled transport

cotransport

 

 

 

 

1.       List and describe the key components of the cell membrane.

2.       Describe the structure and properties of lipid bilayers

3.       List the kinds of membrane proteins, and explain their roles.

4.       Describe the role of carbohydrates in membrane function.

5.       Explain the fluid mosaic model.

6.       Describe how cell membranes are studied using freeze fracture and electron microscopy.

7.       Describe the processes of simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion.  What types of molecules are transported across the cell membrane in each case?  What essential characteristics does facilitated diffusion have that simple diffusion does not have?

8.       Explain the process of osmosis.  How does water cross a membrane?

9.       What is osmotic pressure and how does it influence cells?

10.    Predict the outcome of animal and plant cells in solutions of various relative osmotic concentrations.

11.    Describe the key ways in which organism solve the problem of being hyperosmotic to their environment.

12.    Describe all the steps of an active transport process using the sodium-potassium pump as an example.  What is the role of the sodium-potassium pump in a cell? How much of the cells energy is used in this process?

13.    Describe how active transport is used to maintain membrane potential (an electrochemical gradient)

14.    Describe the process of cotransport.

15.    Explain how large particles, liquids, and specific large molecules are transported in and out of cells.